Is it always good to be perfect? – How imperfections turn crystals into useful materials
There is no such thing as a perfect crystal. Even if crystals were perfect, most of them would be completely useless for technology. It is due to defects that crystals become mechanically strong and have desired electric, magnetic and other useful properties. What are those defects? How do they modify properties of crystalline materials to make them serve in gas turbines of airplanes, automobiles and integrated circuits? Can we design defect structures to create new materials?